Symptoms in Four Stages of Renal Insufficiency

We definite the 4 stages of renal insufficiency mainly on the basis of serum creatine level: compensation stage, discompensation stage, early stage of renal failure, end stage of renal failure. The symptoms of each stage are as follows:
In the first stage: compensation stage, there is nearly no symptom in clinic for the kidney has a strong ability of compensation. Because of this, symptoms will not occur. Even though some renal glomeruli are damaged, other remained renal glomeruli can still work and do more work to take place those which are damaged. The ability of secretion and electrolyte balance can also meet the need. In this stage, kidney can still function and work well, so we call it compensation stage. We should pay attention however that there has been damage in the kidney and the GFR has decreased. Kidney can still discharge metabolism product, balance of electrolyte, and so on.
The second stage is discompensation stage. In this stage, serum creatinine is 177～443umol/L. The damaged renal glomerulus increases, which accounts for about 60% to 75%. The secretion function has been damaged, blood urea acid increases as well. Kidney disease patients begin to have anemia, fatigue, weakness, lost body weight, and so on. If they suffer from water lost, infection or bleeding, the condition will develop faster. Kidney has difficulties in discharging metabolism.
The third stage is early stage of renal failure stage. In this stage, kidney fails and the serum creatinine is 443-707umol/L. There are more necrotic renal glomerulus. The damage in the kidney has become rather serious, accounting for 75% to 95%. The inner environment can not maintain stable. In addition, patients will get tired easily and will feel fatigue, and can not concentrate, etc. Urine at night becomes more. Renal fibrosis appears in renal tubules-renal parenchyma, renal blood vessels, which leads to serious damage in the kidney. As for the symptoms, kidney disease patients will have more obvious anemia, increased urine at night, and so on. Patients can also be accompanied by acidosis. So this stage can also be called azotemia.
In the end stage of renal failure, serum creatinine is more than 707umoll/L. In China, patients begin to take dialysis. The damaged renal glomerulus are more than 95%. Patients with kidney disease will also have serious vomiting, little urine, edema, high blood pressure and so on.
So regular screening is necessary, which can help us diagnose kidney damage as soon as possible. For the compensation of kidney, serum creatinine will not rise until the kidney is damaged more than half. Testing on urine or blood can show the abnormal level of albumin, beta 2 microalbumin, etc.